Sci+Unit+2+Waves

Waves

All waves transmit energy not matter. Nearly all waves travel through matter. Waves are created when a source (force) creates a vibration. Vibrations in materials set up wavelike disturbances that spread away from the source. Wave behavior can be described in terms of how fast the disturbance spreads, and in terms of the distance between successive peaks of the disturbance (the wavelength). Sound and earthquake waves are examples. These and other waves move at different speeds in different materials. Waves are moving energy. Light waves are unique in their ability to travel through a vacuum (space). Sound is a form of energy that results when vibrating materials produce waves that move through matter. Earthquakes are vibrations in the earth that release the (potential) energy stored in rocks (due to their relative positions and consequent pressure). Earthquakes create seismic waves. Compare sound waves (longitudinal waves) to light waves (transverse waves). Energy will cause materials to vibrate. These vibrations are carried as “waves” and transfer energy. Identify the basic characteristics of a transverse wave: trough, crest, amplitude, and wavelength. Identify the basic characteristics of a longitudinal (compressional) wave: amplitude, rarefaction, and compression.
 * 6.P.1.1 **

Something can be "seen" when light waves emitted or reflected by it enter the eye. Human eyes respond to only a narrow range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves-visible light. Differences of wavelength within that range are perceived as differences of color. Light travels in transverse waves. Light is a form of energy emitted by the Sun as well as light-producing objects on Earth. Light can be absorbed or reflected by objects depending upon the properties of the object and the type and angle of light when it hits the object. Some materials scatter light and others allow light rays to pass through, but refract the light by changing its speed.
 * 6.P.1.2 **

==== The structure of the human eye can detect many colors in visible light that are reflected by objects. Investigate how the eye works: structures within the eye, functions of these structures in the eye. Optical illusions. Investigate conditions that impair vision. ====

** 6.P.1.3 **
==== Something can be "heard" when sound waves from it enter the ear. Sound is a form of energy that is caused when vibrating materials produce waves that move through matter. These waves have different characteristics such as frequency and amplitude, which will determine the properties of sound such as pitch and loudness. ====

==== The form of the human ear can receive sound waves as vibrations and convert them to signals that are processed by the brain. Investigate how sound travels through different solid materials. Compare how sound travels through different states of matter. Investigate how the vocal cords work to produce sound: structure of vocal cords, function of vocal cords and conditions that affect the sound vocal cords make. Investigate how the ear works: structures within the ear, functions of those structures, conditions that affect hearing. ====

** 6.P.3.2 **
==== Light and other electromagnetic waves can warm objects. How much an object’s temperature increases depends on how intense the light striking its surface is, how long the light shines on the object, and how much of the light is absorbed. When light interacts with matter it is either absorbed, transmitted, refracted) and/or reflected (scattered). An example of scattering is when the sky is blue. The sun is a major source of energy for changes on the earth’s surface. The sun loses energy by emitting light. A tiny fraction of the light reaches the earth, transferring energy from the sun to the earth. The sun’s energy arrives as light with a range of wavelengths, consisting of: ====

==== Visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to (can be detected by) human eyes. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. ====

==== Ultraviolet light has shorter wavelengths than visible light. These wave lengths are responsible for causing our sunburns. Most of these waves are blocked from entering Earth’s atmosphere by the ozone but some days, more ultraviolet waves get through our atmosphere. Scientists have developed a UV index to help people protect themselves from these harmful ultraviolet waves. These are the types of waves used in tanning beds. ====

**Part 1: Waves**

Movement of Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
Bill Nye Worksheet (Scroll to page 18)

**Part 2: The Electromagnetic Spectrum**

[|EM Spectrum Song]
=EM Spectrum Interactive= What is the EM Spectrum? =EM Spectrum Graphic= =Examine The Sun At Different Wavelengths= =Why Is The Sky Blue?=

Electromagnetic Spectrum Virtual Lab
Task 1 A) Draw a transverse wave that includes each of the following characteristics labeled: crest/peak, trough, amplitude, and wavelength. __Resource: Notes.__

B) Define the four properties of light (transmission, absorption, reflection, and refraction) and provide a clear example/scenario/situation for each of the four properties. Your example could be a detailed drawing or a detailed 3 sentence minimum explanation. __Resource: Science book glossary and page 427.__

C) Order the EM spectrum from short wavelength to long wavelength. For each section of the electromagnetic spectrum, provide a kid-friendly explanation of each. Each section must include 3-5 bullet point facts which can include a definition of the section and the ways in which we use those wavelenths in everyday life.Resource: Science book page 337, [| NASA site]

Enrichment Activities for Early Finishers: A) Explore [|NASA's Space Place] B) Make a [|"Spin A Spectrum"] (Go to student computer in classroom to print) C) [|Online Electromagnetic Spectrum Activity] D) Browse any of the above links given for Light specifically reading material that relates to the electromagnetic spectrum

Rubric:

Part 3: Light and Color Light and Color Song



Part 4: Sound

Interactive Sound Ruler
= = =Interactive Sound Waves= = = =Listen to/Observe Sound Waves=

See Sound Waves
=Sound Simulation:= media type="custom" key="22466280" Parts of the Human Ear

media type="custom" key="22508616" media type="custom" key="22516344" media type="custom" key="22521624" media type="custom" key="22531984"

Task 2 A) **Draw** a longitudinal wave that is labeled. Include: wavelength, compression, and rarefaction. __Resource: Science book page 645.__

B) **Explain** the science of how sound travels from one point to another point. You summary should include a minimum of 3 events. __Resource: Science book page 645__

C) **Define** __reflection__, __diffraction__, and __interference__ as it relates to sound. Draw a diagram to go along with each term and definition.

D) The speed of sound depends on the __elasticity__, __density__, and __temperature__ of the medium the sound travels through. **Define** elasticity, density, and temperature. Write how speed is affected with each( When is it faster? When is it slower? __Resource: Science book pages 648-649.__

Rubric:

Unit Review =Jeopardy Review (choose the "Print answer key" option near top if you are printing the Jeopardy Game to use as a study guide).=

=Kahoot Game Grab all the smart devices in your house and play against each other! :)=